Freedom and Democracy: Summarising Corruption Cases in Europe and Asia
Freedom and Democracy: Summarising Corruption Cases in Europe and Asia
escrito por Dini Harmita/Dini Bértoa
Abstract
Corruption, Collusion, Cartelisation-clientelism, and Nepotism (C4N) seem inevitable to discuss this lately. Following the cases of corruption in Indonesia, Spain, Georgia, and Russia this research note is aimed at understanding the phenomenons by summarising them. Both Indonesia and Russia are characterised with systemic corruption while Spain seems to be stuck because of the perennial fights between PSOE and PP; and Georgia wants to avenge the C4N cases at least through their V for Vendetta protest. In the process of summarising other cases from both Europe and Asia will complete the comparison as part of the collective cases.
Keywords: Europe, Asia, Indonesia, Spain, Georgia, Russia, Corruption, Collusion, Cartelisation-clientelism, Nepotism
When we face difficult times we tend to be offered both bad and nice options by the universe. In politics, especially political party contexts, the choices most of the politicians made seem to be the bad ones namely C4N.
The perfect case to explain this is the Spanish current turbulence between PSOE(1) and PP(2). Like many other cases, both want to lead the executives. No one really wants to fix the CGPJ(3).
If our assumption is that politicians like to do C4N and the executive bodies tend to have more windows for that, in Indonesia the corruption cases were even found in the legislative agencies. Unlike in Europe, it tends to take time and money to enact regulations in Indonesia. Political parties in Indonesia sometimes perform different perspectives nonetheless when there were laws in favour of Oligarchs e. g. to smoothen their businesses namely Omnibus Law because of the bribes all of the political parties voted to agree.
Harmita Bértoa (2024) discussed the interesting terms of the corruption in Indonesia and Russia as the Systemic Corruption.
Footnotes 👣 👣 👣 👣
(1) Socialist Party of Spain
(2) People Party of Spain
(3) Legislative Body of Spain
(4) Part of the law enables businesses to run 25-50 years without needing to renew permits that ensure ecological and social concerns internationally or nationally like Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (IPSO) respectively. Not rarely even before the law was enacted the Oligarchs bribed related sides including officials in the process of changing the Land Use status from Rights of Land Utilisation (HGU) into the Rights of Building Utilisation (HGB).
e si3 to be continued, indeed de feito de facto right3 grandp F mi bebé F mi amado esposo profcb Fernando Casal Bértoa 😘; 👑🐻🐼✈️✈️🌼🌼👑 ~
